Attribution in Arabic Between Theory and Reality

Abstract

       This study, titled " Attribution in Arabic Between Theory and Reality, tried to deal with a description image of the attribution section, in conformity with the agreed upon rules of this section in the grammar books sample. Further, to deal with its image in the current usage, through investigations into both old and recent samples, so as to know the agreement aspects of its use with the rule, as well s the disagreement ones. All with the aim to construct afunctional applicable approach between newness of the rule and the allowance of usage.

       The study consisted of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion and three annexes. The introduction included the research in the study problem and importance, as well as the method it will follow in dealing with this section. The chapter further contained a review (in brief) of some of the previous studies related to both the topic and method.

       Chapter one included a description of the attribution topic in accordance with the agreed upon rules of the grammarians in a selected sample of their books. This description includes the definition of attribution, its functions, sections, standards formation methods and the peculiars thereto,

       Chapter two examined the image of the section in the current usage through dealing with an old sample, that is one of the reference books, namely " Al-Ansab " by " Al-Sam'ani", as well as another recent sample contained in a number of periodicals and daily news papers.

       Chapter three balanced the theoretical image of the section and its image in use. And the conclusion included the results of the research.

       Finally, the study was followed by three annexes. First which included the statistical representation of the attribution section in the grammarian books. Second, included an group of the evidences stated for the attributed names in the old sample, so as these examples will reinforce the material discussed in the chapter two. Third, annex illustrated the rules already stated in the use and the extent of frequency in both the old and the recent samples, with a comparison with those grammar books that have confirmed it.

       The study reached the following conclusions:

1-          the Attribution theme is a vast one in the grammarian books, yet could be summarized if the individual opinions of the grammarians were disqualified, which added negatively to the large volume of this section, even though never been shown in the course of usage.

2-         There are many standard rules that came in opposition with the standard way of forming attribution. Among these the attribution rule to some morphological forms, which gave us allowance to say that we can attribute to these forms both in the standard method duly confirmed by the grammarians, and the non-standard methods (heard applications only), which contradict most of the grammarians.

3-         Many usages of the rules were not given mention to, such as the rules relating to the three-letter-words ending with a vowel letter, the three-letter words with the vowel point on the first and second letters, as well as some words consisting of two letters only (such as ma, la, etc).